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Cement Industry: Utilizing Industrial Solid Waste as Alternative Raw Materials to Drive Sustainable Development
Release time:2022-09-23
The cement manufacturing industry is an essential foundational raw material for the development of China’s national economy, yet it is also one of the major sources of carbon emissions. Reducing carbon emissions in the cement industry is a significant challenge. Achieving energy efficiency, reducing consumption, and decarbonizing and lowering emissions during the clinker calcination process are critical issues for the cement industry to realize low-carbon production.
What kinds of pollution does the cement industry produce?
Carbon emissions from the cement industry primarily stem from clinker production, whose main raw materials include limestone, sandstone, and aluminosilicate ores. When these raw materials undergo high-temperature decomposition in kilns, they release substantial amounts of CO2, which account for the majority of carbon emissions associated with cement production.
What is raw material substitution?
Raw material substitution technology refers to the use of materials such as calcium carbide slag, fly ash, steel slag, and silico-calcium slag as substitutes for limestone in cement production, thereby reducing CO2 emissions during the raw material calcination process.
The raw material substitution approach is the most effective low-carbon production method. Limestone decomposition in the kiln generates large amounts of CO2; by replacing limestone and other high-carbon raw materials with calcium-rich waste, CO2 emissions can be significantly reduced. The fuel substitution approach offers multiple benefits at once: not only does it reduce carbon emissions, but it also enables the co-processing of waste and garbage.
What are the raw material substitution processes?
Calcium carbide slag substitution: During the production of acetylene from calcium carbide, large amounts of calcium carbide slag waste are generated. Calcium carbide slag consists primarily of 70% Ca(OH)2 and is easier to decompose than limestone.
Steel slag substitution: Steel slag is primarily composed of oxides of elements such as Ca, Mg, Fe, Si, and Al, containing most of the raw material components used in cement production. If steel slag replaces limestone-based raw materials in the feed mixture, it can effectively reduce CO2 emissions caused by limestone decomposition during clinker production.
Quartz sludge substitution: Quartz sludge is the waste sludge remaining after quartz ore mined from quartz sand mines undergoes crushing, water washing, screening, drying, and silicon extraction.
Paper mill sludge substitution: Currently, paper mill sludge contains elements such as calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, and magnesium, with a relatively high Al2O3 content. It can thus serve as an aluminum-based corrective material in cement production, replacing traditional aluminum sources.
What are the prospects for the development of domestic raw material substitution technologies?
By vigorously promoting research into and large-scale application of industrial solid waste as a substitute for cement raw materials, we can significantly reduce the reliance on natural mineral resources and energy consumption. This represents one of the key pathways for China’s cement industry to achieve green and sustainable development. However, given that limestone—the primary raw material in the cement industry—is consumed in enormous quantities and that alternative resources are extremely limited, there is still considerable room for further development in the field of raw material substitution domestically, requiring more efficient alternatives and better-suited technological solutions.
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